FM / perl5

/usr/share/perl5

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
App/	-	0755	rm
Archive/	-	0755	rm
Attribute/	-	0755	rm
autodie/	-	0755	rm
B/	-	0755	rm
Carp/	-	0755	rm
CGI/	-	0755	rm
Class/	-	0755	rm
Config/	-	0755	rm
CPAN/	-	0755	rm
CPANPLUS/	-	0755	rm
DBIx/	-	0755	rm
DBM_Filter/	-	0755	rm
Devel/	-	0755	rm
Digest/	-	0755	rm
Encode/	-	0755	rm
encoding/	-	0755	rm
Exporter/	-	0755	rm
ExtUtils/	-	0755	rm
File/	-	0755	rm
Filter/	-	0755	rm
Getopt/	-	0755	rm
HTML/	-	0755	rm
I18N/	-	0755	rm
IO/	-	0755	rm
IPC/	-	0755	rm
JSON/	-	0755	rm
Locale/	-	0755	rm
Log/	-	0755	rm
Math/	-	0755	rm
Memoize/	-	0755	rm
Module/	-	0755	rm
Net/	-	0755	rm
Object/	-	0755	rm
overload/	-	0755	rm
Package/	-	0755	rm
Params/	-	0755	rm
Parse/	-	0755	rm
PerlIO/	-	0755	rm
Pod/	-	0755	rm
pod/	-	0755	rm
Search/	-	0755	rm
TAP/	-	0755	rm
Term/	-	0755	rm
Test/	-	0755	rm
Test2/	-	0755	rm
Text/	-	0755	rm
Thread/	-	0755	rm
Tie/	-	0755	rm
Time/	-	0755	rm
Unicode/	-	0755	rm
unicore/	-	0755	rm
URI/	-	0755	rm
User/	-	0755	rm
vendor_perl/	-	0755	rm
version/	-	0755	rm
warnings/	-	0755	rm
abbrev.pl	838	0644	edit dl rm
AnyDBM_File.pm	2594	0644	edit dl rm
assert.pl	1298	0644	edit dl rm
attributes.pm	14877	0644	edit dl rm
autodie.pm	11763	0644	edit dl rm
AutoLoader.pm	14997	0644	edit dl rm
AutoSplit.pm	19637	0644	edit dl rm
autouse.pm	4238	0644	edit dl rm
base.pm	6986	0644	edit dl rm
Benchmark.pm	28530	0644	edit dl rm
bigfloat.pl	7368	0644	edit dl rm
bigint.pl	8959	0644	edit dl rm
bigint.pm	17852	0644	edit dl rm
bignum.pm	18673	0644	edit dl rm
bigrat.pl	4476	0644	edit dl rm
bigrat.pm	14442	0644	edit dl rm
blib.pm	2106	0644	edit dl rm
bytes.pm	2384	0644	edit dl rm
bytes_heavy.pl	758	0644	edit dl rm
cacheout.pl	1122	0644	edit dl rm
Carp.pm	7611	0644	edit dl rm
CGI.pm	261478	0644	edit dl rm
charnames.pm	15670	0644	edit dl rm
complete.pl	3191	0644	edit dl rm
constant.pm	12528	0644	edit dl rm
CORE.pod	1569	0644	edit dl rm
CPAN.pm	130907	0644	edit dl rm
CPANPLUS.pm	7269	0644	edit dl rm
ctime.pl	1993	0644	edit dl rm
DB.pm	19202	0644	edit dl rm
DBM_Filter.pm	14415	0644	edit dl rm
diagnostics.pm	17380	0644	edit dl rm
Digest.pm	10412	0644	edit dl rm
DirHandle.pm	1937	0644	edit dl rm
dotsh.pl	2175	0644	edit dl rm
Dumpvalue.pm	16899	0644	edit dl rm
dumpvar.pl	15275	0644	edit dl rm
English.pm	4488	0644	edit dl rm
Env.pm	5170	0644	edit dl rm
exceptions.pl	1736	0644	edit dl rm
Expect.pm	54725	0644	edit dl rm
Expect.pod	43735	0644	edit dl rm
Exporter.pm	18595	0644	edit dl rm
fastcwd.pl	1019	0644	edit dl rm
Fatal.pm	40966	0644	edit dl rm
feature.pm	5092	0644	edit dl rm
fields.pm	9507	0644	edit dl rm
FileCache.pm	5570	0644	edit dl rm
FileHandle.pm	6778	0644	edit dl rm
filetest.pm	4003	0644	edit dl rm
find.pl	1185	0644	edit dl rm
FindBin.pm	5658	0644	edit dl rm
finddepth.pl	1130	0644	edit dl rm
flush.pl	642	0644	edit dl rm
getcwd.pl	1427	0644	edit dl rm
getopt.pl	1322	0644	edit dl rm
getopts.pl	1406	0644	edit dl rm
hostname.pl	727	0644	edit dl rm
if.pm	1166	0644	edit dl rm
importenv.pl	283	0644	edit dl rm
integer.pm	3266	0644	edit dl rm
less.pm	3084	0644	edit dl rm
locale.pm	820	0644	edit dl rm
look.pl	1255	0644	edit dl rm
Memoize.pm	35295	0644	edit dl rm
newgetopt.pl	2213	0644	edit dl rm
NEXT.pm	18481	0644	edit dl rm
ok.pm	967	0444	edit dl rm
open.pm	7740	0644	edit dl rm
open2.pl	185	0644	edit dl rm
open3.pl	185	0644	edit dl rm
overload.pm	48050	0644	edit dl rm
overloading.pm	1801	0644	edit dl rm
parent.pm	2998	0644	edit dl rm
perl5db.pl	317682	0644	edit dl rm
PerlIO.pm	11122	0644	edit dl rm
pwd.pl	1478	0644	edit dl rm
Safe.pm	24326	0644	edit dl rm
SelectSaver.pm	1076	0644	edit dl rm
SelfLoader.pm	17341	0644	edit dl rm
Shell.pm	8685	0644	edit dl rm
shellwords.pl	276	0644	edit dl rm
sigtrap.pm	7611	0644	edit dl rm
sort.pm	6093	0644	edit dl rm
stat.pl	590	0644	edit dl rm
strict.pm	3716	0644	edit dl rm
subs.pm	842	0644	edit dl rm
Switch.pm	28508	0644	edit dl rm
Symbol.pm	4794	0644	edit dl rm
syslog.pl	4806	0644	edit dl rm
tainted.pl	164	0644	edit dl rm
termcap.pl	4114	0644	edit dl rm
Test.pm	28800	0644	edit dl rm
Test2.pm	6393	0444	edit dl rm
Thread.pm	8285	0644	edit dl rm
timelocal.pl	690	0644	edit dl rm
UNIVERSAL.pm	6536	0644	edit dl rm
utf8.pm	6918	0644	edit dl rm
utf8_heavy.pl	8001	0644	edit dl rm
validate.pl	3731	0644	edit dl rm
vars.pm	2358	0644	edit dl rm
version.pm	1037	0644	edit dl rm
version.pod	12315	0644	edit dl rm
vmsish.pm	4328	0644	edit dl rm
warnings.pm	16133	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /usr/share/perl5/constant.pm (12528B)

package constant;
use 5.005;
use strict;
use warnings::register;

use vars qw($VERSION %declared);
$VERSION = '1.17';

#=======================================================================

# Some names are evil choices.
my %keywords = map +($_, 1), qw{ BEGIN INIT CHECK END DESTROY AUTOLOAD };
$keywords{UNITCHECK}++ if $] > 5.009;

my %forced_into_main = map +($_, 1),
    qw{ STDIN STDOUT STDERR ARGV ARGVOUT ENV INC SIG };

my %forbidden = (%keywords, %forced_into_main);

#=======================================================================
# import() - import symbols into user's namespace
#
# What we actually do is define a function in the caller's namespace
# which returns the value. The function we create will normally
# be inlined as a constant, thereby avoiding further sub calling 
# overhead.
#=======================================================================
sub import {
    my $class = shift;
    return unless @_;			# Ignore 'use constant;'
    my $constants;
    my $multiple  = ref $_[0];
    my $pkg = caller;
    my $symtab;
    my $str_end = $] >= 5.006 ? "\\z" : "\\Z";

if ($] > 5.009002) {
	no strict 'refs';
	$symtab = \%{$pkg . '::'};
    };

if ( $multiple ) {
	if (ref $_[0] ne 'HASH') {
	    require Carp;
	    Carp::croak("Invalid reference type '".ref(shift)."' not 'HASH'");
	}
	$constants = shift;
    } else {
	$constants->{+shift} = undef;
    }

foreach my $name ( keys %$constants ) {
	unless (defined $name) {
	    require Carp;
	    Carp::croak("Can't use undef as constant name");
	}

# Normal constant name
	if ($name =~ /^_?[^\W_0-9]\w*$str_end/ and !$forbidden{$name}) {
	    # Everything is okay

# Name forced into main, but we're not in main. Fatal.
	} elsif ($forced_into_main{$name} and $pkg ne 'main') {
	    require Carp;
	    Carp::croak("Constant name '$name' is forced into main::");

# Starts with double underscore. Fatal.
	} elsif ($name =~ /^__/) {
	    require Carp;
	    Carp::croak("Constant name '$name' begins with '__'");

# Maybe the name is tolerable
	} elsif ($name =~ /^[A-Za-z_]\w*$str_end/) {
	    # Then we'll warn only if you've asked for warnings
	    if (warnings::enabled()) {
		if ($keywords{$name}) {
		    warnings::warn("Constant name '$name' is a Perl keyword");
		} elsif ($forced_into_main{$name}) {
		    warnings::warn("Constant name '$name' is " .
			"forced into package main::");
		}
	    }

# Looks like a boolean
	# use constant FRED == fred;
	} elsif ($name =~ /^[01]?$str_end/) {
            require Carp;
	    if (@_) {
		Carp::croak("Constant name '$name' is invalid");
	    } else {
		Carp::croak("Constant name looks like boolean value");
	    }

} else {
	   # Must have bad characters
            require Carp;
	    Carp::croak("Constant name '$name' has invalid characters");
	}

{
	    no strict 'refs';
	    my $full_name = "${pkg}::$name";
	    $declared{$full_name}++;
	    if ($multiple || @_ == 1) {
		my $scalar = $multiple ? $constants->{$name} : $_[0];
		if ($symtab && !exists $symtab->{$name}) {
		    # No typeglob yet, so we can use a reference as space-
		    # efficient proxy for a constant subroutine
		    # The check in Perl_ck_rvconst knows that inlinable
		    # constants from cv_const_sv are read only. So we have to:
		    Internals::SvREADONLY($scalar, 1);
		    $symtab->{$name} = \$scalar;
		    mro::method_changed_in($pkg);
		} else {
		    *$full_name = sub () { $scalar };
		}
	    } elsif (@_) {
		my @list = @_;
		*$full_name = sub () { @list };
	    } else {
		*$full_name = sub () { };
	    }
	}
    }
}

__END__

=head1 NAME

constant - Perl pragma to declare constants

=head1 SYNOPSIS

use constant PI    => 4 * atan2(1, 1);
    use constant DEBUG => 0;

print "Pi equals ", PI, "...\n" if DEBUG;

use constant {
        SEC   => 0,
        MIN   => 1,
        HOUR  => 2,
        MDAY  => 3,
        MON   => 4,
        YEAR  => 5,
        WDAY  => 6,
        YDAY  => 7,
        ISDST => 8,
    };

use constant WEEKDAYS => qw(
        Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
    );

print "Today is ", (WEEKDAYS)[ (localtime)[WDAY] ], ".\n";

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This pragma allows you to declare constants at compile-time.

When you declare a constant such as C<PI> using the method shown
above, each machine your script runs upon can have as many digits
of accuracy as it can use. Also, your program will be easier to
read, more likely to be maintained (and maintained correctly), and
far less likely to send a space probe to the wrong planet because
nobody noticed the one equation in which you wrote C<3.14195>.

When a constant is used in an expression, Perl replaces it with its
value at compile time, and may then optimize the expression further.
In particular, any code in an C<if (CONSTANT)> block will be optimized
away if the constant is false.

=head1 NOTES

As with all C<use> directives, defining a constant happens at
compile time. Thus, it's probably not correct to put a constant
declaration inside of a conditional statement (like C<if ($foo)
{ use constant ... }>).

Constants defined using this module cannot be interpolated into
strings like variables.  However, concatenation works just fine:

print "Pi equals PI...\n";        # WRONG: does not expand "PI"
    print "Pi equals ".PI."...\n";    # right

Even though a reference may be declared as a constant, the reference may
point to data which may be changed, as this code shows.

use constant ARRAY => [ 1,2,3,4 ];
    print ARRAY->[1];
    ARRAY->[1] = " be changed";
    print ARRAY->[1];

Dereferencing constant references incorrectly (such as using an array
subscript on a constant hash reference, or vice versa) will be trapped at
compile time.

Constants belong to the package they are defined in.  To refer to a
constant defined in another package, specify the full package name, as
in C<Some::Package::CONSTANT>.  Constants may be exported by modules,
and may also be called as either class or instance methods, that is,
as C<< Some::Package->CONSTANT >> or as C<< $obj->CONSTANT >> where
C<$obj> is an instance of C<Some::Package>.  Subclasses may define
their own constants to override those in their base class.

The use of all caps for constant names is merely a convention,
although it is recommended in order to make constants stand out
and to help avoid collisions with other barewords, keywords, and
subroutine names. Constant names must begin with a letter or
underscore. Names beginning with a double underscore are reserved. Some
poor choices for names will generate warnings, if warnings are enabled at
compile time.

=head2 List constants

Constants may be lists of more (or less) than one value.  A constant
with no values evaluates to C<undef> in scalar context.  Note that
constants with more than one value do I<not> return their last value in
scalar context as one might expect.  They currently return the number
of values, but B<this may change in the future>.  Do not use constants
with multiple values in scalar context.

B<NOTE:> This implies that the expression defining the value of a
constant is evaluated in list context.  This may produce surprises:

use constant TIMESTAMP => localtime;                # WRONG!
    use constant TIMESTAMP => scalar localtime;         # right

The first line above defines C<TIMESTAMP> as a 9-element list, as
returned by C<localtime()> in list context.  To set it to the string
returned by C<localtime()> in scalar context, an explicit C<scalar>
keyword is required.

List constants are lists, not arrays.  To index or slice them, they
must be placed in parentheses.

my @workdays = WEEKDAYS[1 .. 5];            # WRONG!
    my @workdays = (WEEKDAYS)[1 .. 5];          # right

=head2 Defining multiple constants at once

Instead of writing multiple C<use constant> statements, you may define
multiple constants in a single statement by giving, instead of the
constant name, a reference to a hash where the keys are the names of
the constants to be defined.  Obviously, all constants defined using
this method must have a single value.

use constant {
        FOO => "A single value",
        BAR => "This", "won't", "work!",        # Error!
    };

This is a fundamental limitation of the way hashes are constructed in
Perl.  The error messages produced when this happens will often be
quite cryptic -- in the worst case there may be none at all, and
you'll only later find that something is broken.

When defining multiple constants, you cannot use the values of other
constants defined in the same declaration.  This is because the
calling package doesn't know about any constant within that group
until I<after> the C<use> statement is finished.

use constant {
        BITMASK => 0xAFBAEBA8,
        NEGMASK => ~BITMASK,                    # Error!
    };

=head2 Magic constants

Magical values and references can be made into constants at compile
time, allowing for way cool stuff like this.  (These error numbers
aren't totally portable, alas.)

use constant E2BIG => ($! = 7);
    print   E2BIG, "\n";        # something like "Arg list too long"
    print 0+E2BIG, "\n";        # "7"

You can't produce a tied constant by giving a tied scalar as the
value.  References to tied variables, however, can be used as
constants without any problems.

=head1 TECHNICAL NOTES

In the current implementation, scalar constants are actually
inlinable subroutines. As of version 5.004 of Perl, the appropriate
scalar constant is inserted directly in place of some subroutine
calls, thereby saving the overhead of a subroutine call. See
L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for details about how and when this
happens.

In the rare case in which you need to discover at run time whether a
particular constant has been declared via this module, you may use
this function to examine the hash C<%constant::declared>. If the given
constant name does not include a package name, the current package is
used.

sub declared ($) {
        use constant 1.01;              # don't omit this!
        my $name = shift;
        $name =~ s/^::/main::/;
        my $pkg = caller;
        my $full_name = $name =~ /::/ ? $name : "${pkg}::$name";
        $constant::declared{$full_name};
    }

=head1 CAVEATS

In the current version of Perl, list constants are not inlined
and some symbols may be redefined without generating a warning.

It is not possible to have a subroutine or a keyword with the same
name as a constant in the same package. This is probably a Good Thing.

A constant with a name in the list C<STDIN STDOUT STDERR ARGV ARGVOUT
ENV INC SIG> is not allowed anywhere but in package C<main::>, for
technical reasons.

Unlike constants in some languages, these cannot be overridden
on the command line or via environment variables.

You can get into trouble if you use constants in a context which
automatically quotes barewords (as is true for any subroutine call).
For example, you can't say C<$hash{CONSTANT}> because C<CONSTANT> will
be interpreted as a string.  Use C<$hash{CONSTANT()}> or
C<$hash{+CONSTANT}> to prevent the bareword quoting mechanism from
kicking in.  Similarly, since the C<< => >> operator quotes a bareword
immediately to its left, you have to say C<< CONSTANT() => 'value' >>
(or simply use a comma in place of the big arrow) instead of
C<< CONSTANT => 'value' >>.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Readonly> - Facility for creating read-only scalars, arrays, hashes.

L<Const> - Facility for creating read-only variables. Similar to C<Readonly>,
but uses C<SvREADONLY> instead of C<tie>.

L<Attribute::Constant> - Make read-only variables via attribute

L<Scalar::Readonly> - Perl extension to the C<SvREADONLY> scalar flag

L<Hash::Util> - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines (mostly
to lock/unlock keys and values)

=head1 BUGS

Please report any bugs or feature requests via the perlbug(1) utility.

=head1 AUTHORS

Tom Phoenix, E<lt>F<rootbeer@redcat.com>E<gt>, with help from
many other folks.

Multiple constant declarations at once added by Casey West,
E<lt>F<casey@geeknest.com>E<gt>.

Documentation mostly rewritten by Ilmari Karonen,
E<lt>F<perl@itz.pp.sci.fi>E<gt>.

This program is maintained by the Perl 5 Porters. 
The CPAN distribution is maintained by SE<eacute>bastien Aperghis-Tramoni
E<lt>F<sebastien@aperghis.net>E<gt>.

=head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

This module is free software; you can redistribute it or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.

=cut

cmd: