FM / python3.3

/opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
collections/	-	0755	rm
concurrent/	-	0755	rm
config-3.3m/	-	0755	rm
ctypes/	-	0755	rm
curses/	-	0755	rm
dbm/	-	0755	rm
distutils/	-	0755	rm
email/	-	0755	rm
encodings/	-	0755	rm
html/	-	0755	rm
http/	-	0755	rm
idlelib/	-	0755	rm
importlib/	-	0755	rm
json/	-	0755	rm
lib-dynload/	-	0755	rm
lib2to3/	-	0755	rm
logging/	-	0755	rm
multiprocessing/	-	0755	rm
plat-linux/	-	0755	rm
pydoc_data/	-	0755	rm
site-packages/	-	0755	rm
sqlite3/	-	0755	rm
test/	-	0755	rm
unittest/	-	0755	rm
urllib/	-	0755	rm
venv/	-	0755	rm
wsgiref/	-	0755	rm
xml/	-	0755	rm
xmlrpc/	-	0755	rm
__pycache__/	-	0755	rm
abc.py	8057	0644	edit dl rm
aifc.py	31054	0644	edit dl rm
antigravity.py	475	0644	edit dl rm
argparse.py	89069	0644	edit dl rm
ast.py	12142	0644	edit dl rm
asynchat.py	11588	0644	edit dl rm
asyncore.py	20753	0644	edit dl rm
base64.py	13986	0755	edit dl rm
bdb.py	21894	0644	edit dl rm
binhex.py	13708	0644	edit dl rm
bisect.py	2595	0644	edit dl rm
bz2.py	18473	0644	edit dl rm
calendar.py	22940	0644	edit dl rm
cgi.py	35554	0755	edit dl rm
cgitb.py	12041	0644	edit dl rm
chunk.py	5377	0644	edit dl rm
cmd.py	14860	0644	edit dl rm
code.py	10030	0644	edit dl rm
codecs.py	35956	0644	edit dl rm
codeop.py	5994	0644	edit dl rm
colorsys.py	3691	0644	edit dl rm
compileall.py	9743	0644	edit dl rm
configparser.py	49437	0644	edit dl rm
contextlib.py	9125	0644	edit dl rm
copy.py	8991	0644	edit dl rm
copyreg.py	6611	0644	edit dl rm
cProfile.py	6361	0755	edit dl rm
crypt.py	1879	0644	edit dl rm
csv.py	16185	0644	edit dl rm
datetime.py	74954	0644	edit dl rm
decimal.py	228558	0644	edit dl rm
difflib.py	82519	0644	edit dl rm
dis.py	10134	0644	edit dl rm
doctest.py	102933	0644	edit dl rm
dummy_threading.py	2815	0644	edit dl rm
filecmp.py	9597	0644	edit dl rm
fileinput.py	14256	0644	edit dl rm
fnmatch.py	3163	0644	edit dl rm
formatter.py	14930	0644	edit dl rm
fractions.py	23033	0644	edit dl rm
ftplib.py	40253	0644	edit dl rm
functools.py	13596	0644	edit dl rm
genericpath.py	3093	0644	edit dl rm
getopt.py	7488	0644	edit dl rm
getpass.py	5793	0644	edit dl rm
gettext.py	20637	0644	edit dl rm
glob.py	2838	0644	edit dl rm
gzip.py	24403	0644	edit dl rm
hashlib.py	6193	0644	edit dl rm
heapq.py	17997	0644	edit dl rm
hmac.py	4440	0644	edit dl rm
imaplib.py	50111	0644	edit dl rm
imghdr.py	3528	0644	edit dl rm
imp.py	9727	0644	edit dl rm
inspect.py	78960	0644	edit dl rm
io.py	3280	0644	edit dl rm
ipaddress.py	70303	0644	edit dl rm
keyword.py	2060	0755	edit dl rm
linecache.py	3864	0644	edit dl rm
locale.py	93215	0644	edit dl rm
lzma.py	17454	0644	edit dl rm
macpath.py	5617	0644	edit dl rm
macurl2path.py	2732	0644	edit dl rm
mailbox.py	79093	0644	edit dl rm
mailcap.py	7437	0644	edit dl rm
mimetypes.py	20735	0644	edit dl rm
modulefinder.py	23198	0644	edit dl rm
netrc.py	5747	0644	edit dl rm
nntplib.py	42786	0644	edit dl rm
ntpath.py	20437	0644	edit dl rm
nturl2path.py	2396	0644	edit dl rm
numbers.py	10398	0644	edit dl rm
opcode.py	5098	0644	edit dl rm
optparse.py	60346	0644	edit dl rm
os.py	34779	0644	edit dl rm
os2emxpath.py	4659	0644	edit dl rm
pdb.py	60653	0755	edit dl rm
pickle.py	47858	0644	edit dl rm
pickletools.py	81349	0644	edit dl rm
pipes.py	8916	0644	edit dl rm
pkgutil.py	21539	0644	edit dl rm
platform.py	50742	0755	edit dl rm
plistlib.py	14777	0644	edit dl rm
poplib.py	11372	0644	edit dl rm
posixpath.py	14254	0644	edit dl rm
pprint.py	12700	0644	edit dl rm
profile.py	21448	0755	edit dl rm
pstats.py	26372	0644	edit dl rm
pty.py	5055	0644	edit dl rm
pyclbr.py	13438	0644	edit dl rm
pydoc.py	101644	0755	edit dl rm
py_compile.py	6717	0644	edit dl rm
queue.py	8835	0644	edit dl rm
quopri.py	7315	0755	edit dl rm
random.py	25660	0644	edit dl rm
re.py	14973	0644	edit dl rm
reprlib.py	5110	0644	edit dl rm
rlcompleter.py	5526	0644	edit dl rm
runpy.py	10413	0644	edit dl rm
sched.py	6399	0644	edit dl rm
shelve.py	8243	0644	edit dl rm
shlex.py	11502	0644	edit dl rm
shutil.py	39147	0644	edit dl rm
site.py	21971	0644	edit dl rm
smtpd.py	30207	0755	edit dl rm
smtplib.py	38021	0755	edit dl rm
sndhdr.py	6219	0644	edit dl rm
socket.py	14913	0644	edit dl rm
socketserver.py	24196	0644	edit dl rm
sre_compile.py	16345	0644	edit dl rm
sre_constants.py	7231	0644	edit dl rm
sre_parse.py	30212	0644	edit dl rm
ssl.py	24478	0644	edit dl rm
stat.py	4304	0644	edit dl rm
string.py	9410	0644	edit dl rm
stringprep.py	12917	0644	edit dl rm
struct.py	238	0644	edit dl rm
subprocess.py	67578	0644	edit dl rm
sunau.py	17523	0644	edit dl rm
symbol.py	2051	0755	edit dl rm
symtable.py	7383	0644	edit dl rm
sysconfig.py	25174	0644	edit dl rm
tabnanny.py	11410	0755	edit dl rm
tarfile.py	88864	0755	edit dl rm
telnetlib.py	27349	0644	edit dl rm
tempfile.py	23013	0644	edit dl rm
textwrap.py	16488	0644	edit dl rm
this.py	1003	0644	edit dl rm
threading.py	45641	0644	edit dl rm
timeit.py	12395	0755	edit dl rm
token.py	3034	0644	edit dl rm
tokenize.py	24876	0644	edit dl rm
trace.py	31487	0755	edit dl rm
traceback.py	11982	0644	edit dl rm
tty.py	879	0644	edit dl rm
types.py	3167	0644	edit dl rm
uu.py	6766	0755	edit dl rm
uuid.py	22349	0644	edit dl rm
warnings.py	13825	0644	edit dl rm
wave.py	18579	0644	edit dl rm
weakref.py	11495	0644	edit dl rm
webbrowser.py	22913	0755	edit dl rm
xdrlib.py	5381	0644	edit dl rm
zipfile.py	66424	0644	edit dl rm
_compat_pickle.py	4338	0644	edit dl rm
_dummy_thread.py	4769	0644	edit dl rm
_markupbase.py	14598	0644	edit dl rm
_osx_support.py	18855	0644	edit dl rm
_pyio.py	72905	0644	edit dl rm
_strptime.py	21674	0644	edit dl rm
_sysconfigdata.py	21056	0644	edit dl rm
_threading_local.py	7410	0644	edit dl rm
_weakrefset.py	5705	0644	edit dl rm
__future__.py	4584	0644	edit dl rm
__phello__.foo.py	64	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /opt/alt/python33/lib64/python3.3/os.py (34779B)

r"""OS routines for Mac, NT, or Posix depending on what system we're on.

This exports:
  - all functions from posix, nt, os2, or ce, e.g. unlink, stat, etc.
  - os.path is either posixpath or ntpath
  - os.name is either 'posix', 'nt', 'os2' or 'ce'.
  - os.curdir is a string representing the current directory ('.' or ':')
  - os.pardir is a string representing the parent directory ('..' or '::')
  - os.sep is the (or a most common) pathname separator ('/' or ':' or '\\')
  - os.extsep is the extension separator (always '.')
  - os.altsep is the alternate pathname separator (None or '/')
  - os.pathsep is the component separator used in $PATH etc
  - os.linesep is the line separator in text files ('\r' or '\n' or '\r\n')
  - os.defpath is the default search path for executables
  - os.devnull is the file path of the null device ('/dev/null', etc.)

Programs that import and use 'os' stand a better chance of being
portable between different platforms.  Of course, they must then
only use functions that are defined by all platforms (e.g., unlink
and opendir), and leave all pathname manipulation to os.path
(e.g., split and join).
"""

import sys, errno
import stat as st

_names = sys.builtin_module_names

# Note:  more names are added to __all__ later.
__all__ = ["altsep", "curdir", "pardir", "sep", "pathsep", "linesep",
           "defpath", "name", "path", "devnull", "SEEK_SET", "SEEK_CUR",
           "SEEK_END", "fsencode", "fsdecode", "get_exec_path", "fdopen",
           "popen", "extsep"]

def _exists(name):
    return name in globals()

def _get_exports_list(module):
    try:
        return list(module.__all__)
    except AttributeError:
        return [n for n in dir(module) if n[0] != '_']

# Any new dependencies of the os module and/or changes in path separator
# requires updating importlib as well.
if 'posix' in _names:
    name = 'posix'
    linesep = '\n'
    from posix import *
    try:
        from posix import _exit
        __all__.append('_exit')
    except ImportError:
        pass
    import posixpath as path

try:
        from posix import _have_functions
    except ImportError:
        pass

elif 'nt' in _names:
    name = 'nt'
    linesep = '\r\n'
    from nt import *
    try:
        from nt import _exit
        __all__.append('_exit')
    except ImportError:
        pass
    import ntpath as path

import nt
    __all__.extend(_get_exports_list(nt))
    del nt

try:
        from nt import _have_functions
    except ImportError:
        pass

elif 'os2' in _names:
    name = 'os2'
    linesep = '\r\n'
    from os2 import *
    try:
        from os2 import _exit
        __all__.append('_exit')
    except ImportError:
        pass
    if sys.version.find('EMX GCC') == -1:
        import ntpath as path
    else:
        import os2emxpath as path
        from _emx_link import link

import os2
    __all__.extend(_get_exports_list(os2))
    del os2

try:
        from os2 import _have_functions
    except ImportError:
        pass

elif 'ce' in _names:
    name = 'ce'
    linesep = '\r\n'
    from ce import *
    try:
        from ce import _exit
        __all__.append('_exit')
    except ImportError:
        pass
    # We can use the standard Windows path.
    import ntpath as path

import ce
    __all__.extend(_get_exports_list(ce))
    del ce

try:
        from ce import _have_functions
    except ImportError:
        pass

else:
    raise ImportError('no os specific module found')

sys.modules['os.path'] = path
from os.path import (curdir, pardir, sep, pathsep, defpath, extsep, altsep,
    devnull)

del _names

if _exists("_have_functions"):
    _globals = globals()
    def _add(str, fn):
        if (fn in _globals) and (str in _have_functions):
            _set.add(_globals[fn])

_set = set()
    _add("HAVE_FACCESSAT",  "access")
    _add("HAVE_FCHMODAT",   "chmod")
    _add("HAVE_FCHOWNAT",   "chown")
    _add("HAVE_FSTATAT",    "stat")
    _add("HAVE_FUTIMESAT",  "utime")
    _add("HAVE_LINKAT",     "link")
    _add("HAVE_MKDIRAT",    "mkdir")
    _add("HAVE_MKFIFOAT",   "mkfifo")
    _add("HAVE_MKNODAT",    "mknod")
    _add("HAVE_OPENAT",     "open")
    _add("HAVE_READLINKAT", "readlink")
    _add("HAVE_RENAMEAT",   "rename")
    _add("HAVE_SYMLINKAT",  "symlink")
    _add("HAVE_UNLINKAT",   "unlink")
    _add("HAVE_UNLINKAT",   "rmdir")
    _add("HAVE_UTIMENSAT",  "utime")
    supports_dir_fd = _set

_set = set()
    _add("HAVE_FACCESSAT",  "access")
    supports_effective_ids = _set

_set = set()
    _add("HAVE_FCHDIR",     "chdir")
    _add("HAVE_FCHMOD",     "chmod")
    _add("HAVE_FCHOWN",     "chown")
    _add("HAVE_FDOPENDIR",  "listdir")
    _add("HAVE_FEXECVE",    "execve")
    _set.add(stat) # fstat always works
    _add("HAVE_FTRUNCATE",  "truncate")
    _add("HAVE_FUTIMENS",   "utime")
    _add("HAVE_FUTIMES",    "utime")
    _add("HAVE_FPATHCONF",  "pathconf")
    if _exists("statvfs") and _exists("fstatvfs"): # mac os x10.3
        _add("HAVE_FSTATVFS", "statvfs")
    supports_fd = _set

_set = set()
    _add("HAVE_FACCESSAT",  "access")
    # Some platforms don't support lchmod().  Often the function exists
    # anyway, as a stub that always returns ENOSUP or perhaps EOPNOTSUPP.
    # (No, I don't know why that's a good design.)  ./configure will detect
    # this and reject it--so HAVE_LCHMOD still won't be defined on such
    # platforms.  This is Very Helpful.
    #
    # However, sometimes platforms without a working lchmod() *do* have
    # fchmodat().  (Examples: Linux kernel 3.2 with glibc 2.15,
    # OpenIndiana 3.x.)  And fchmodat() has a flag that theoretically makes
    # it behave like lchmod().  So in theory it would be a suitable
    # replacement for lchmod().  But when lchmod() doesn't work, fchmodat()'s
    # flag doesn't work *either*.  Sadly ./configure isn't sophisticated
    # enough to detect this condition--it only determines whether or not
    # fchmodat() minimally works.
    #
    # Therefore we simply ignore fchmodat() when deciding whether or not
    # os.chmod supports follow_symlinks.  Just checking lchmod() is
    # sufficient.  After all--if you have a working fchmodat(), your
    # lchmod() almost certainly works too.
    #
    # _add("HAVE_FCHMODAT",   "chmod")
    _add("HAVE_FCHOWNAT",   "chown")
    _add("HAVE_FSTATAT",    "stat")
    _add("HAVE_LCHFLAGS",   "chflags")
    _add("HAVE_LCHMOD",     "chmod")
    if _exists("lchown"): # mac os x10.3
        _add("HAVE_LCHOWN", "chown")
    _add("HAVE_LINKAT",     "link")
    _add("HAVE_LUTIMES",    "utime")
    _add("HAVE_LSTAT",      "stat")
    _add("HAVE_FSTATAT",    "stat")
    _add("HAVE_UTIMENSAT",  "utime")
    _add("MS_WINDOWS",      "stat")
    supports_follow_symlinks = _set

del _set
    del _have_functions
    del _globals
    del _add

# Python uses fixed values for the SEEK_ constants; they are mapped
# to native constants if necessary in posixmodule.c
# Other possible SEEK values are directly imported from posixmodule.c
SEEK_SET = 0
SEEK_CUR = 1
SEEK_END = 2

# Super directory utilities.
# (Inspired by Eric Raymond; the doc strings are mostly his)

def makedirs(name, mode=0o777, exist_ok=False):
    """makedirs(path [, mode=0o777][, exist_ok=False])

Super-mkdir; create a leaf directory and all intermediate ones.  Works like
    mkdir, except that any intermediate path segment (not just the rightmost)
    will be created if it does not exist. If the target directory already
    exists, raise an OSError if exist_ok is False. Otherwise no exception is
    raised.  This is recursive.

"""
    head, tail = path.split(name)
    if not tail:
        head, tail = path.split(head)
    if head and tail and not path.exists(head):
        try:
            makedirs(head, mode, exist_ok)
        except OSError as e:
            # be happy if someone already created the path
            if e.errno != errno.EEXIST:
                raise
        cdir = curdir
        if isinstance(tail, bytes):
            cdir = bytes(curdir, 'ASCII')
        if tail == cdir:           # xxx/newdir/. exists if xxx/newdir exists
            return
    try:
        mkdir(name, mode)
    except OSError as e:
        if not exist_ok or e.errno != errno.EEXIST or not path.isdir(name):
            raise

def removedirs(name):
    """removedirs(path)

Super-rmdir; remove a leaf directory and all empty intermediate
    ones.  Works like rmdir except that, if the leaf directory is
    successfully removed, directories corresponding to rightmost path
    segments will be pruned away until either the whole path is
    consumed or an error occurs.  Errors during this latter phase are
    ignored -- they generally mean that a directory was not empty.

"""
    rmdir(name)
    head, tail = path.split(name)
    if not tail:
        head, tail = path.split(head)
    while head and tail:
        try:
            rmdir(head)
        except error:
            break
        head, tail = path.split(head)

def renames(old, new):
    """renames(old, new)

Super-rename; create directories as necessary and delete any left
    empty.  Works like rename, except creation of any intermediate
    directories needed to make the new pathname good is attempted
    first.  After the rename, directories corresponding to rightmost
    path segments of the old name will be pruned way until either the
    whole path is consumed or a nonempty directory is found.

Note: this function can fail with the new directory structure made
    if you lack permissions needed to unlink the leaf directory or
    file.

"""
    head, tail = path.split(new)
    if head and tail and not path.exists(head):
        makedirs(head)
    rename(old, new)
    head, tail = path.split(old)
    if head and tail:
        try:
            removedirs(head)
        except error:
            pass

__all__.extend(["makedirs", "removedirs", "renames"])

def walk(top, topdown=True, onerror=None, followlinks=False):
    """Directory tree generator.

For each directory in the directory tree rooted at top (including top
    itself, but excluding '.' and '..'), yields a 3-tuple

dirpath, dirnames, filenames

dirpath is a string, the path to the directory.  dirnames is a list of
    the names of the subdirectories in dirpath (excluding '.' and '..').
    filenames is a list of the names of the non-directory files in dirpath.
    Note that the names in the lists are just names, with no path components.
    To get a full path (which begins with top) to a file or directory in
    dirpath, do os.path.join(dirpath, name).

If optional arg 'topdown' is true or not specified, the triple for a
    directory is generated before the triples for any of its subdirectories
    (directories are generated top down).  If topdown is false, the triple
    for a directory is generated after the triples for all of its
    subdirectories (directories are generated bottom up).

When topdown is true, the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place
    (e.g., via del or slice assignment), and walk will only recurse into the
    subdirectories whose names remain in dirnames; this can be used to prune
    the search, or to impose a specific order of visiting.  Modifying
    dirnames when topdown is false is ineffective, since the directories in
    dirnames have already been generated by the time dirnames itself is
    generated.

By default errors from the os.listdir() call are ignored.  If
    optional arg 'onerror' is specified, it should be a function; it
    will be called with one argument, an os.error instance.  It can
    report the error to continue with the walk, or raise the exception
    to abort the walk.  Note that the filename is available as the
    filename attribute of the exception object.

By default, os.walk does not follow symbolic links to subdirectories on
    systems that support them.  In order to get this functionality, set the
    optional argument 'followlinks' to true.

Caution:  if you pass a relative pathname for top, don't change the
    current working directory between resumptions of walk.  walk never
    changes the current directory, and assumes that the client doesn't
    either.

Example:

import os
    from os.path import join, getsize
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk('python/Lib/email'):
        print(root, "consumes", end="")
        print(sum([getsize(join(root, name)) for name in files]), end="")
        print("bytes in", len(files), "non-directory files")
        if 'CVS' in dirs:
            dirs.remove('CVS')  # don't visit CVS directories
    """

islink, join, isdir = path.islink, path.join, path.isdir

# We may not have read permission for top, in which case we can't
    # get a list of the files the directory contains.  os.walk
    # always suppressed the exception then, rather than blow up for a
    # minor reason when (say) a thousand readable directories are still
    # left to visit.  That logic is copied here.
    try:
        # Note that listdir and error are globals in this module due
        # to earlier import-*.
        names = listdir(top)
    except error as err:
        if onerror is not None:
            onerror(err)
        return

dirs, nondirs = [], []
    for name in names:
        if isdir(join(top, name)):
            dirs.append(name)
        else:
            nondirs.append(name)

if topdown:
        yield top, dirs, nondirs
    for name in dirs:
        new_path = join(top, name)
        if followlinks or not islink(new_path):
            yield from walk(new_path, topdown, onerror, followlinks)
    if not topdown:
        yield top, dirs, nondirs

__all__.append("walk")

if {open, stat} <= supports_dir_fd and {listdir, stat} <= supports_fd:

def fwalk(top=".", topdown=True, onerror=None, *, follow_symlinks=False, dir_fd=None):
        """Directory tree generator.

This behaves exactly like walk(), except that it yields a 4-tuple

dirpath, dirnames, filenames, dirfd

`dirpath`, `dirnames` and `filenames` are identical to walk() output,
        and `dirfd` is a file descriptor referring to the directory `dirpath`.

The advantage of fwalk() over walk() is that it's safe against symlink
        races (when follow_symlinks is False).

If dir_fd is not None, it should be a file descriptor open to a directory,
          and top should be relative; top will then be relative to that directory.
          (dir_fd is always supported for fwalk.)

Caution:
        Since fwalk() yields file descriptors, those are only valid until the
        next iteration step, so you should dup() them if you want to keep them
        for a longer period.

Example:

import os
        for root, dirs, files, rootfd in os.fwalk('python/Lib/email'):
            print(root, "consumes", end="")
            print(sum([os.stat(name, dir_fd=rootfd).st_size for name in files]),
                  end="")
            print("bytes in", len(files), "non-directory files")
            if 'CVS' in dirs:
                dirs.remove('CVS')  # don't visit CVS directories
        """
        # Note: To guard against symlink races, we use the standard
        # lstat()/open()/fstat() trick.
        orig_st = stat(top, follow_symlinks=False, dir_fd=dir_fd)
        topfd = open(top, O_RDONLY, dir_fd=dir_fd)
        try:
            if (follow_symlinks or (st.S_ISDIR(orig_st.st_mode) and
                                    path.samestat(orig_st, stat(topfd)))):
                yield from _fwalk(topfd, top, topdown, onerror, follow_symlinks)
        finally:
            close(topfd)

def _fwalk(topfd, toppath, topdown, onerror, follow_symlinks):
        # Note: This uses O(depth of the directory tree) file descriptors: if
        # necessary, it can be adapted to only require O(1) FDs, see issue
        # #13734.

names = listdir(topfd)
        dirs, nondirs = [], []
        for name in names:
            try:
                # Here, we don't use AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW to be consistent with
                # walk() which reports symlinks to directories as directories.
                # We do however check for symlinks before recursing into
                # a subdirectory.
                if st.S_ISDIR(stat(name, dir_fd=topfd).st_mode):
                    dirs.append(name)
                else:
                    nondirs.append(name)
            except FileNotFoundError:
                try:
                    # Add dangling symlinks, ignore disappeared files
                    if st.S_ISLNK(stat(name, dir_fd=topfd, follow_symlinks=False)
                                .st_mode):
                        nondirs.append(name)
                except FileNotFoundError:
                    continue

if topdown:
            yield toppath, dirs, nondirs, topfd

for name in dirs:
            try:
                orig_st = stat(name, dir_fd=topfd, follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks)
                dirfd = open(name, O_RDONLY, dir_fd=topfd)
            except error as err:
                if onerror is not None:
                    onerror(err)
                return
            try:
                if follow_symlinks or path.samestat(orig_st, stat(dirfd)):
                    dirpath = path.join(toppath, name)
                    yield from _fwalk(dirfd, dirpath, topdown, onerror, follow_symlinks)
            finally:
                close(dirfd)

if not topdown:
            yield toppath, dirs, nondirs, topfd

__all__.append("fwalk")

# Make sure os.environ exists, at least
try:
    environ
except NameError:
    environ = {}

def execl(file, *args):
    """execl(file, *args)

Execute the executable file with argument list args, replacing the
    current process. """
    execv(file, args)

def execle(file, *args):
    """execle(file, *args, env)

Execute the executable file with argument list args and
    environment env, replacing the current process. """
    env = args[-1]
    execve(file, args[:-1], env)

def execlp(file, *args):
    """execlp(file, *args)

Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH)
    with argument list args, replacing the current process. """
    execvp(file, args)

def execlpe(file, *args):
    """execlpe(file, *args, env)

Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH)
    with argument list args and environment env, replacing the current
    process. """
    env = args[-1]
    execvpe(file, args[:-1], env)

def execvp(file, args):
    """execvp(file, args)

Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH)
    with argument list args, replacing the current process.
    args may be a list or tuple of strings. """
    _execvpe(file, args)

def execvpe(file, args, env):
    """execvpe(file, args, env)

Execute the executable file (which is searched for along $PATH)
    with argument list args and environment env , replacing the
    current process.
    args may be a list or tuple of strings. """
    _execvpe(file, args, env)

__all__.extend(["execl","execle","execlp","execlpe","execvp","execvpe"])

def _execvpe(file, args, env=None):
    if env is not None:
        exec_func = execve
        argrest = (args, env)
    else:
        exec_func = execv
        argrest = (args,)
        env = environ

head, tail = path.split(file)
    if head:
        exec_func(file, *argrest)
        return
    last_exc = saved_exc = None
    saved_tb = None
    path_list = get_exec_path(env)
    if name != 'nt':
        file = fsencode(file)
        path_list = map(fsencode, path_list)
    for dir in path_list:
        fullname = path.join(dir, file)
        try:
            exec_func(fullname, *argrest)
        except error as e:
            last_exc = e
            tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
            if (e.errno != errno.ENOENT and e.errno != errno.ENOTDIR
                and saved_exc is None):
                saved_exc = e
                saved_tb = tb
    if saved_exc:
        raise saved_exc.with_traceback(saved_tb)
    raise last_exc.with_traceback(tb)

def get_exec_path(env=None):
    """Returns the sequence of directories that will be searched for the
    named executable (similar to a shell) when launching a process.

*env* must be an environment variable dict or None.  If *env* is None,
    os.environ will be used.
    """
    # Use a local import instead of a global import to limit the number of
    # modules loaded at startup: the os module is always loaded at startup by
    # Python. It may also avoid a bootstrap issue.
    import warnings

if env is None:
        env = environ

# {b'PATH': ...}.get('PATH') and {'PATH': ...}.get(b'PATH') emit a
    # BytesWarning when using python -b or python -bb: ignore the warning
    with warnings.catch_warnings():
        warnings.simplefilter("ignore", BytesWarning)

try:
            path_list = env.get('PATH')
        except TypeError:
            path_list = None

if supports_bytes_environ:
            try:
                path_listb = env[b'PATH']
            except (KeyError, TypeError):
                pass
            else:
                if path_list is not None:
                    raise ValueError(
                        "env cannot contain 'PATH' and b'PATH' keys")
                path_list = path_listb

if path_list is not None and isinstance(path_list, bytes):
                path_list = fsdecode(path_list)

if path_list is None:
        path_list = defpath
    return path_list.split(pathsep)

# Change environ to automatically call putenv(), unsetenv if they exist.
from collections.abc import MutableMapping

class _Environ(MutableMapping):
    def __init__(self, data, encodekey, decodekey, encodevalue, decodevalue, putenv, unsetenv):
        self.encodekey = encodekey
        self.decodekey = decodekey
        self.encodevalue = encodevalue
        self.decodevalue = decodevalue
        self.putenv = putenv
        self.unsetenv = unsetenv
        self._data = data

def __getitem__(self, key):
        try:
            value = self._data[self.encodekey(key)]
        except KeyError:
            # raise KeyError with the original key value
            raise KeyError(key) from None
        return self.decodevalue(value)

def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        key = self.encodekey(key)
        value = self.encodevalue(value)
        self.putenv(key, value)
        self._data[key] = value

def __delitem__(self, key):
        encodedkey = self.encodekey(key)
        self.unsetenv(encodedkey)
        try:
            del self._data[encodedkey]
        except KeyError:
            # raise KeyError with the original key value
            raise KeyError(key) from None

def __iter__(self):
        for key in self._data:
            yield self.decodekey(key)

def __len__(self):
        return len(self._data)

def __repr__(self):
        return 'environ({{{}}})'.format(', '.join(
            ('{!r}: {!r}'.format(self.decodekey(key), self.decodevalue(value))
            for key, value in self._data.items())))

def copy(self):
        return dict(self)

def setdefault(self, key, value):
        if key not in self:
            self[key] = value
        return self[key]

try:
    _putenv = putenv
except NameError:
    _putenv = lambda key, value: None
else:
    __all__.append("putenv")

try:
    _unsetenv = unsetenv
except NameError:
    _unsetenv = lambda key: _putenv(key, "")
else:
    __all__.append("unsetenv")

def _createenviron():
    if name in ('os2', 'nt'):
        # Where Env Var Names Must Be UPPERCASE
        def check_str(value):
            if not isinstance(value, str):
                raise TypeError("str expected, not %s" % type(value).__name__)
            return value
        encode = check_str
        decode = str
        def encodekey(key):
            return encode(key).upper()
        data = {}
        for key, value in environ.items():
            data[encodekey(key)] = value
    else:
        # Where Env Var Names Can Be Mixed Case
        encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
        def encode(value):
            if not isinstance(value, str):
                raise TypeError("str expected, not %s" % type(value).__name__)
            return value.encode(encoding, 'surrogateescape')
        def decode(value):
            return value.decode(encoding, 'surrogateescape')
        encodekey = encode
        data = environ
    return _Environ(data,
        encodekey, decode,
        encode, decode,
        _putenv, _unsetenv)

# unicode environ
environ = _createenviron()
del _createenviron

def getenv(key, default=None):
    """Get an environment variable, return None if it doesn't exist.
    The optional second argument can specify an alternate default.
    key, default and the result are str."""
    return environ.get(key, default)

supports_bytes_environ = name not in ('os2', 'nt')
__all__.extend(("getenv", "supports_bytes_environ"))

if supports_bytes_environ:
    def _check_bytes(value):
        if not isinstance(value, bytes):
            raise TypeError("bytes expected, not %s" % type(value).__name__)
        return value

# bytes environ
    environb = _Environ(environ._data,
        _check_bytes, bytes,
        _check_bytes, bytes,
        _putenv, _unsetenv)
    del _check_bytes

def getenvb(key, default=None):
        """Get an environment variable, return None if it doesn't exist.
        The optional second argument can specify an alternate default.
        key, default and the result are bytes."""
        return environb.get(key, default)

__all__.extend(("environb", "getenvb"))

def _fscodec():
    encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
    if encoding == 'mbcs':
        errors = 'strict'
    else:
        errors = 'surrogateescape'

def fsencode(filename):
        """
        Encode filename to the filesystem encoding with 'surrogateescape' error
        handler, return bytes unchanged. On Windows, use 'strict' error handler if
        the file system encoding is 'mbcs' (which is the default encoding).
        """
        if isinstance(filename, bytes):
            return filename
        elif isinstance(filename, str):
            return filename.encode(encoding, errors)
        else:
            raise TypeError("expect bytes or str, not %s" % type(filename).__name__)

def fsdecode(filename):
        """
        Decode filename from the filesystem encoding with 'surrogateescape' error
        handler, return str unchanged. On Windows, use 'strict' error handler if
        the file system encoding is 'mbcs' (which is the default encoding).
        """
        if isinstance(filename, str):
            return filename
        elif isinstance(filename, bytes):
            return filename.decode(encoding, errors)
        else:
            raise TypeError("expect bytes or str, not %s" % type(filename).__name__)

return fsencode, fsdecode

fsencode, fsdecode = _fscodec()
del _fscodec

# Supply spawn*() (probably only for Unix)
if _exists("fork") and not _exists("spawnv") and _exists("execv"):

P_WAIT = 0
    P_NOWAIT = P_NOWAITO = 1

__all__.extend(["P_WAIT", "P_NOWAIT", "P_NOWAITO"])

# XXX Should we support P_DETACH?  I suppose it could fork()**2
    # and close the std I/O streams.  Also, P_OVERLAY is the same
    # as execv*()?

def _spawnvef(mode, file, args, env, func):
        # Internal helper; func is the exec*() function to use
        pid = fork()
        if not pid:
            # Child
            try:
                if env is None:
                    func(file, args)
                else:
                    func(file, args, env)
            except:
                _exit(127)
        else:
            # Parent
            if mode == P_NOWAIT:
                return pid # Caller is responsible for waiting!
            while 1:
                wpid, sts = waitpid(pid, 0)
                if WIFSTOPPED(sts):
                    continue
                elif WIFSIGNALED(sts):
                    return -WTERMSIG(sts)
                elif WIFEXITED(sts):
                    return WEXITSTATUS(sts)
                else:
                    raise error("Not stopped, signaled or exited???")

def spawnv(mode, file, args):
        """spawnv(mode, file, args) -> integer

Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. """
        return _spawnvef(mode, file, args, None, execv)

def spawnve(mode, file, args, env):
        """spawnve(mode, file, args, env) -> integer

Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess with the
specified environment.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. """
        return _spawnvef(mode, file, args, env, execve)

# Note: spawnvp[e] is't currently supported on Windows

def spawnvp(mode, file, args):
        """spawnvp(mode, file, args) -> integer

Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from
args in a subprocess.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. """
        return _spawnvef(mode, file, args, None, execvp)

def spawnvpe(mode, file, args, env):
        """spawnvpe(mode, file, args, env) -> integer

Execute file (which is looked for along $PATH) with arguments from
args in a subprocess with the supplied environment.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. """
        return _spawnvef(mode, file, args, env, execvpe)

if _exists("spawnv"):
    # These aren't supplied by the basic Windows code
    # but can be easily implemented in Python

def spawnl(mode, file, *args):
        """spawnl(mode, file, *args) -> integer

def spawnle(mode, file, *args):
        """spawnle(mode, file, *args, env) -> integer

Execute file with arguments from args in a subprocess with the
supplied environment.
If mode == P_NOWAIT return the pid of the process.
If mode == P_WAIT return the process's exit code if it exits normally;
otherwise return -SIG, where SIG is the signal that killed it. """
        env = args[-1]
        return spawnve(mode, file, args[:-1], env)

__all__.extend(["spawnv", "spawnve", "spawnl", "spawnle",])

if _exists("spawnvp"):
    # At the moment, Windows doesn't implement spawnvp[e],
    # so it won't have spawnlp[e] either.
    def spawnlp(mode, file, *args):
        """spawnlp(mode, file, *args) -> integer

def spawnlpe(mode, file, *args):
        """spawnlpe(mode, file, *args, env) -> integer

__all__.extend(["spawnvp", "spawnvpe", "spawnlp", "spawnlpe",])

import copyreg as _copyreg

def _make_stat_result(tup, dict):
    return stat_result(tup, dict)

def _pickle_stat_result(sr):
    (type, args) = sr.__reduce__()
    return (_make_stat_result, args)

try:
    _copyreg.pickle(stat_result, _pickle_stat_result, _make_stat_result)
except NameError: # stat_result may not exist
    pass

def _make_statvfs_result(tup, dict):
    return statvfs_result(tup, dict)

def _pickle_statvfs_result(sr):
    (type, args) = sr.__reduce__()
    return (_make_statvfs_result, args)

try:
    _copyreg.pickle(statvfs_result, _pickle_statvfs_result,
                     _make_statvfs_result)
except NameError: # statvfs_result may not exist
    pass

# Supply os.popen()
def popen(cmd, mode="r", buffering=-1):
    if not isinstance(cmd, str):
        raise TypeError("invalid cmd type (%s, expected string)" % type(cmd))
    if mode not in ("r", "w"):
        raise ValueError("invalid mode %r" % mode)
    if buffering == 0 or buffering is None:
        raise ValueError("popen() does not support unbuffered streams")
    import subprocess, io
    if mode == "r":
        proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                                shell=True,
                                stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                bufsize=buffering)
        return _wrap_close(io.TextIOWrapper(proc.stdout), proc)
    else:
        proc = subprocess.Popen(cmd,
                                shell=True,
                                stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                                bufsize=buffering)
        return _wrap_close(io.TextIOWrapper(proc.stdin), proc)

# Helper for popen() -- a proxy for a file whose close waits for the process
class _wrap_close:
    def __init__(self, stream, proc):
        self._stream = stream
        self._proc = proc
    def close(self):
        self._stream.close()
        returncode = self._proc.wait()
        if returncode == 0:
            return None
        if name == 'nt':
            return returncode
        else:
            return returncode << 8  # Shift left to match old behavior
    def __enter__(self):
        return self
    def __exit__(self, *args):
        self.close()
    def __getattr__(self, name):
        return getattr(self._stream, name)
    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self._stream)

# Supply os.fdopen()
def fdopen(fd, *args, **kwargs):
    if not isinstance(fd, int):
        raise TypeError("invalid fd type (%s, expected integer)" % type(fd))
    import io
    return io.open(fd, *args, **kwargs)

cmd: