/usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/jinja2
Edit: /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/jinja2/environment.py (34651B)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
jinja2.environment
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Provides a class that holds runtime and parsing time options.
:copyright: (c) 2009 by the Jinja Team.
:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import sys
from jinja2 import nodes
from jinja2.defaults import *
from jinja2.lexer import get_lexer, TokenStream
from jinja2.parser import Parser
from jinja2.optimizer import optimize
from jinja2.compiler import generate
from jinja2.runtime import Undefined, new_context
from jinja2.exceptions import TemplateSyntaxError
from jinja2.utils import import_string, LRUCache, Markup, missing, \
concat, consume, internalcode
# for direct template usage we have up to ten living environments
_spontaneous_environments = LRUCache(10)
# the function to create jinja traceback objects. This is dynamically
# imported on the first exception in the exception handler.
_make_traceback = None
def get_spontaneous_environment(*args):
"""Return a new spontaneous environment. A spontaneous environment is an
unnamed and unaccessible (in theory) environment that is used for
templates generated from a string and not from the file system.
"""
try:
env = _spontaneous_environments.get(args)
except TypeError:
return Environment(*args)
if env is not None:
return env
_spontaneous_environments[args] = env = Environment(*args)
env.shared = True
return env
def create_cache(size):
"""Return the cache class for the given size."""
if size == 0:
return None
if size < 0:
return {}
return LRUCache(size)
def copy_cache(cache):
"""Create an empty copy of the given cache."""
if cache is None:
return None
elif type(cache) is dict:
return {}
return LRUCache(cache.capacity)
def load_extensions(environment, extensions):
"""Load the extensions from the list and bind it to the environment.
Returns a dict of instanciated environments.
"""
result = {}
for extension in extensions:
if isinstance(extension, basestring):
extension = import_string(extension)
result[extension.identifier] = extension(environment)
return result
def _environment_sanity_check(environment):
"""Perform a sanity check on the environment."""
assert issubclass(environment.undefined, Undefined), 'undefined must ' \
'be a subclass of undefined because filters depend on it.'
assert environment.block_start_string != \
environment.variable_start_string != \
environment.comment_start_string, 'block, variable and comment ' \
'start strings must be different'
assert environment.newline_sequence in ('\r', '\r\n', '\n'), \
'newline_sequence set to unknown line ending string.'
return environment
class Environment(object):
r"""The core component of Jinja is the `Environment`. It contains
important shared variables like configuration, filters, tests,
globals and others. Instances of this class may be modified if
they are not shared and if no template was loaded so far.
Modifications on environments after the first template was loaded
will lead to surprising effects and undefined behavior.
Here the possible initialization parameters:
`block_start_string`
The string marking the begin of a block. Defaults to ``'{%'``.
`block_end_string`
The string marking the end of a block. Defaults to ``'%}'``.
`variable_start_string`
The string marking the begin of a print statement.
Defaults to ``'{{'``.
`variable_end_string`
The string marking the end of a print statement. Defaults to
``'}}'``.
`comment_start_string`
The string marking the begin of a comment. Defaults to ``'{#'``.
`comment_end_string`
The string marking the end of a comment. Defaults to ``'#}'``.
`line_statement_prefix`
If given and a string, this will be used as prefix for line based
statements. See also :ref:`line-statements`.
`line_comment_prefix`
If given and a string, this will be used as prefix for line based
based comments. See also :ref:`line-statements`.
.. versionadded:: 2.2
`trim_blocks`
If this is set to ``True`` the first newline after a block is
removed (block, not variable tag!). Defaults to `False`.
`newline_sequence`
The sequence that starts a newline. Must be one of ``'\r'``,
``'\n'`` or ``'\r\n'``. The default is ``'\n'`` which is a
useful default for Linux and OS X systems as well as web
applications.
`extensions`
List of Jinja extensions to use. This can either be import paths
as strings or extension classes. For more information have a
look at :ref:`the extensions documentation
`.
`optimized`
should the optimizer be enabled? Default is `True`.
`undefined`
:class:`Undefined` or a subclass of it that is used to represent
undefined values in the template.
`finalize`
A callable that finalizes the variable. Per default no finalizing
is applied.
`autoescape`
If set to true the XML/HTML autoescaping feature is enabled.
For more details about auto escaping see
:class:`~jinja2.utils.Markup`.
`loader`
The template loader for this environment.
`cache_size`
The size of the cache. Per default this is ``50`` which means
that if more than 50 templates are loaded the loader will clean
out the least recently used template. If the cache size is set to
``0`` templates are recompiled all the time, if the cache size is
``-1`` the cache will not be cleaned.
`auto_reload`
Some loaders load templates from locations where the template
sources may change (ie: file system or database). If
`auto_reload` is set to `True` (default) every time a template is
requested the loader checks if the source changed and if yes, it
will reload the template. For higher performance it's possible to
disable that.
`bytecode_cache`
If set to a bytecode cache object, this object will provide a
cache for the internal Jinja bytecode so that templates don't
have to be parsed if they were not changed.
See :ref:`bytecode-cache` for more information.
"""
#: if this environment is sandboxed. Modifying this variable won't make
#: the environment sandboxed though. For a real sandboxed environment
#: have a look at jinja2.sandbox
sandboxed = False
#: True if the environment is just an overlay
overlayed = False
#: the environment this environment is linked to if it is an overlay
linked_to = None
#: shared environments have this set to `True`. A shared environment
#: must not be modified
shared = False
#: these are currently EXPERIMENTAL undocumented features.
exception_handler = None
exception_formatter = None
def __init__(self,
block_start_string=BLOCK_START_STRING,
block_end_string=BLOCK_END_STRING,
variable_start_string=VARIABLE_START_STRING,
variable_end_string=VARIABLE_END_STRING,
comment_start_string=COMMENT_START_STRING,
comment_end_string=COMMENT_END_STRING,
line_statement_prefix=LINE_STATEMENT_PREFIX,
line_comment_prefix=LINE_COMMENT_PREFIX,
trim_blocks=TRIM_BLOCKS,
newline_sequence=NEWLINE_SEQUENCE,
extensions=(),
optimized=True,
undefined=Undefined,
finalize=None,
autoescape=False,
loader=None,
cache_size=50,
auto_reload=True,
bytecode_cache=None):
# !!Important notice!!
# The constructor accepts quite a few arguments that should be
# passed by keyword rather than position. However it's important to
# not change the order of arguments because it's used at least
# internally in those cases:
# - spontaneus environments (i18n extension and Template)
# - unittests
# If parameter changes are required only add parameters at the end
# and don't change the arguments (or the defaults!) of the arguments
# existing already.
# lexer / parser information
self.block_start_string = block_start_string
self.block_end_string = block_end_string
self.variable_start_string = variable_start_string
self.variable_end_string = variable_end_string
self.comment_start_string = comment_start_string
self.comment_end_string = comment_end_string
self.line_statement_prefix = line_statement_prefix
self.line_comment_prefix = line_comment_prefix
self.trim_blocks = trim_blocks
self.newline_sequence = newline_sequence
# runtime information
self.undefined = undefined
self.optimized = optimized
self.finalize = finalize
self.autoescape = autoescape
# defaults
self.filters = DEFAULT_FILTERS.copy()
self.tests = DEFAULT_TESTS.copy()
self.globals = DEFAULT_NAMESPACE.copy()
# set the loader provided
self.loader = loader
self.bytecode_cache = None
self.cache = create_cache(cache_size)
self.bytecode_cache = bytecode_cache
self.auto_reload = auto_reload
# load extensions
self.extensions = load_extensions(self, extensions)
_environment_sanity_check(self)
def extend(self, **attributes):
"""Add the items to the instance of the environment if they do not exist
yet. This is used by :ref:`extensions ` to register
callbacks and configuration values without breaking inheritance.
"""
for key, value in attributes.iteritems():
if not hasattr(self, key):
setattr(self, key, value)
def overlay(self, block_start_string=missing, block_end_string=missing,
variable_start_string=missing, variable_end_string=missing,
comment_start_string=missing, comment_end_string=missing,
line_statement_prefix=missing, line_comment_prefix=missing,
trim_blocks=missing, extensions=missing, optimized=missing,
undefined=missing, finalize=missing, autoescape=missing,
loader=missing, cache_size=missing, auto_reload=missing,
bytecode_cache=missing):
"""Create a new overlay environment that shares all the data with the
current environment except of cache and the overriden attributes.
Extensions cannot be removed for a overlayed environment. A overlayed
environment automatically gets all the extensions of the environment it
is linked to plus optional extra extensions.
Creating overlays should happen after the initial environment was set
up completely. Not all attributes are truly linked, some are just
copied over so modifications on the original environment may not shine
through.
"""
args = dict(locals())
del args['self'], args['cache_size'], args['extensions']
rv = object.__new__(self.__class__)
rv.__dict__.update(self.__dict__)
rv.overlayed = True
rv.linked_to = self
for key, value in args.iteritems():
if value is not missing:
setattr(rv, key, value)
if cache_size is not missing:
rv.cache = create_cache(cache_size)
else:
rv.cache = copy_cache(self.cache)
rv.extensions = {}
for key, value in self.extensions.iteritems():
rv.extensions[key] = value.bind(rv)
if extensions is not missing:
rv.extensions.update(load_extensions(extensions))
return _environment_sanity_check(rv)
lexer = property(get_lexer, doc="The lexer for this environment.")
def getitem(self, obj, argument):
"""Get an item or attribute of an object but prefer the item."""
try:
return obj[argument]
except (TypeError, LookupError):
if isinstance(argument, basestring):
try:
attr = str(argument)
except:
pass
else:
try:
return getattr(obj, attr)
except AttributeError:
pass
return self.undefined(obj=obj, name=argument)
def getattr(self, obj, attribute):
"""Get an item or attribute of an object but prefer the attribute.
Unlike :meth:`getitem` the attribute *must* be a bytestring.
"""
try:
return getattr(obj, attribute)
except AttributeError:
pass
try:
return obj[attribute]
except (TypeError, LookupError, AttributeError):
return self.undefined(obj=obj, name=attribute)
@internalcode
def parse(self, source, name=None, filename=None):
"""Parse the sourcecode and return the abstract syntax tree. This
tree of nodes is used by the compiler to convert the template into
executable source- or bytecode. This is useful for debugging or to
extract information from templates.
If you are :ref:`developing Jinja2 extensions `
this gives you a good overview of the node tree generated.
"""
try:
return self._parse(source, name, filename)
except TemplateSyntaxError:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
self.handle_exception(exc_info, source_hint=source)
def _parse(self, source, name, filename):
"""Internal parsing function used by `parse` and `compile`."""
if isinstance(filename, unicode):
filename = filename.encode('utf-8')
return Parser(self, source, name, filename).parse()
def lex(self, source, name=None, filename=None):
"""Lex the given sourcecode and return a generator that yields
tokens as tuples in the form ``(lineno, token_type, value)``.
This can be useful for :ref:`extension development `
and debugging templates.
This does not perform preprocessing. If you want the preprocessing
of the extensions to be applied you have to filter source through
the :meth:`preprocess` method.
"""
source = unicode(source)
try:
return self.lexer.tokeniter(source, name, filename)
except TemplateSyntaxError:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
self.handle_exception(exc_info, source_hint=source)
def preprocess(self, source, name=None, filename=None):
"""Preprocesses the source with all extensions. This is automatically
called for all parsing and compiling methods but *not* for :meth:`lex`
because there you usually only want the actual source tokenized.
"""
return reduce(lambda s, e: e.preprocess(s, name, filename),
self.extensions.itervalues(), unicode(source))
def _tokenize(self, source, name, filename=None, state=None):
"""Called by the parser to do the preprocessing and filtering
for all the extensions. Returns a :class:`~jinja2.lexer.TokenStream`.
"""
source = self.preprocess(source, name, filename)
stream = self.lexer.tokenize(source, name, filename, state)
for ext in self.extensions.itervalues():
stream = ext.filter_stream(stream)
if not isinstance(stream, TokenStream):
stream = TokenStream(stream, name, filename)
return stream
@internalcode
def compile(self, source, name=None, filename=None, raw=False):
"""Compile a node or template source code. The `name` parameter is
the load name of the template after it was joined using
:meth:`join_path` if necessary, not the filename on the file system.
the `filename` parameter is the estimated filename of the template on
the file system. If the template came from a database or memory this
can be omitted.
The return value of this method is a python code object. If the `raw`
parameter is `True` the return value will be a string with python
code equivalent to the bytecode returned otherwise. This method is
mainly used internally.
"""
source_hint = None
try:
if isinstance(source, basestring):
source_hint = source
source = self._parse(source, name, filename)
if self.optimized:
source = optimize(source, self)
source = generate(source, self, name, filename)
if raw:
return source
if filename is None:
filename = ''
elif isinstance(filename, unicode):
filename = filename.encode('utf-8')
return compile(source, filename, 'exec')
except TemplateSyntaxError:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
self.handle_exception(exc_info, source_hint=source)
def compile_expression(self, source, undefined_to_none=True):
"""A handy helper method that returns a callable that accepts keyword
arguments that appear as variables in the expression. If called it
returns the result of the expression.
This is useful if applications want to use the same rules as Jinja
in template "configuration files" or similar situations.
Example usage:
>>> env = Environment()
>>> expr = env.compile_expression('foo == 42')
>>> expr(foo=23)
False
>>> expr(foo=42)
True
Per default the return value is converted to `None` if the
expression returns an undefined value. This can be changed
by setting `undefined_to_none` to `False`.
>>> env.compile_expression('var')() is None
True
>>> env.compile_expression('var', undefined_to_none=False)()
Undefined
**new in Jinja 2.1**
"""
parser = Parser(self, source, state='variable')
exc_info = None
try:
expr = parser.parse_expression()
if not parser.stream.eos:
raise TemplateSyntaxError('chunk after expression',
parser.stream.current.lineno,
None, None)
except TemplateSyntaxError:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
if exc_info is not None:
self.handle_exception(exc_info, source_hint=source)
body = [nodes.Assign(nodes.Name('result', 'store'), expr, lineno=1)]
template = self.from_string(nodes.Template(body, lineno=1))
return TemplateExpression(template, undefined_to_none)
def handle_exception(self, exc_info=None, rendered=False, source_hint=None):
"""Exception handling helper. This is used internally to either raise
rewritten exceptions or return a rendered traceback for the template.
"""
global _make_traceback
if exc_info is None:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
# the debugging module is imported when it's used for the first time.
# we're doing a lot of stuff there and for applications that do not
# get any exceptions in template rendering there is no need to load
# all of that.
if _make_traceback is None:
from jinja2.debug import make_traceback as _make_traceback
traceback = _make_traceback(exc_info, source_hint)
if rendered and self.exception_formatter is not None:
return self.exception_formatter(traceback)
if self.exception_handler is not None:
self.exception_handler(traceback)
exc_type, exc_value, tb = traceback.standard_exc_info
raise exc_type, exc_value, tb
def join_path(self, template, parent):
"""Join a template with the parent. By default all the lookups are
relative to the loader root so this method returns the `template`
parameter unchanged, but if the paths should be relative to the
parent template, this function can be used to calculate the real
template name.
Subclasses may override this method and implement template path
joining here.
"""
return template
@internalcode
def get_template(self, name, parent=None, globals=None):
"""Load a template from the loader. If a loader is configured this
method ask the loader for the template and returns a :class:`Template`.
If the `parent` parameter is not `None`, :meth:`join_path` is called
to get the real template name before loading.
The `globals` parameter can be used to provide template wide globals.
These variables are available in the context at render time.
If the template does not exist a :exc:`TemplateNotFound` exception is
raised.
"""
if self.loader is None:
raise TypeError('no loader for this environment specified')
if parent is not None:
name = self.join_path(name, parent)
if self.cache is not None:
template = self.cache.get(name)
if template is not None and (not self.auto_reload or \
template.is_up_to_date):
return template
template = self.loader.load(self, name, self.make_globals(globals))
if self.cache is not None:
self.cache[name] = template
return template
def from_string(self, source, globals=None, template_class=None):
"""Load a template from a string. This parses the source given and
returns a :class:`Template` object.
"""
globals = self.make_globals(globals)
cls = template_class or self.template_class
return cls.from_code(self, self.compile(source), globals, None)
def make_globals(self, d):
"""Return a dict for the globals."""
if not d:
return self.globals
return dict(self.globals, **d)
class Template(object):
"""The central template object. This class represents a compiled template
and is used to evaluate it.
Normally the template object is generated from an :class:`Environment` but
it also has a constructor that makes it possible to create a template
instance directly using the constructor. It takes the same arguments as
the environment constructor but it's not possible to specify a loader.
Every template object has a few methods and members that are guaranteed
to exist. However it's important that a template object should be
considered immutable. Modifications on the object are not supported.
Template objects created from the constructor rather than an environment
do have an `environment` attribute that points to a temporary environment
that is probably shared with other templates created with the constructor
and compatible settings.
>>> template = Template('Hello {{ name }}!')
>>> template.render(name='John Doe')
u'Hello John Doe!'
>>> stream = template.stream(name='John Doe')
>>> stream.next()
u'Hello John Doe!'
>>> stream.next()
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
StopIteration
"""
def __new__(cls, source,
block_start_string=BLOCK_START_STRING,
block_end_string=BLOCK_END_STRING,
variable_start_string=VARIABLE_START_STRING,
variable_end_string=VARIABLE_END_STRING,
comment_start_string=COMMENT_START_STRING,
comment_end_string=COMMENT_END_STRING,
line_statement_prefix=LINE_STATEMENT_PREFIX,
line_comment_prefix=LINE_COMMENT_PREFIX,
trim_blocks=TRIM_BLOCKS,
newline_sequence=NEWLINE_SEQUENCE,
extensions=(),
optimized=True,
undefined=Undefined,
finalize=None,
autoescape=False):
env = get_spontaneous_environment(
block_start_string, block_end_string, variable_start_string,
variable_end_string, comment_start_string, comment_end_string,
line_statement_prefix, line_comment_prefix, trim_blocks,
newline_sequence, frozenset(extensions), optimized, undefined,
finalize, autoescape, None, 0, False, None)
return env.from_string(source, template_class=cls)
@classmethod
def from_code(cls, environment, code, globals, uptodate=None):
"""Creates a template object from compiled code and the globals. This
is used by the loaders and environment to create a template object.
"""
t = object.__new__(cls)
namespace = {
'environment': environment,
'__jinja_template__': t
}
exec code in namespace
t.environment = environment
t.globals = globals
t.name = namespace['name']
t.filename = code.co_filename
t.blocks = namespace['blocks']
# render function and module
t.root_render_func = namespace['root']
t._module = None
# debug and loader helpers
t._debug_info = namespace['debug_info']
t._uptodate = uptodate
return t
def render(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""This method accepts the same arguments as the `dict` constructor:
A dict, a dict subclass or some keyword arguments. If no arguments
are given the context will be empty. These two calls do the same::
template.render(knights='that say nih')
template.render({'knights': 'that say nih'})
This will return the rendered template as unicode string.
"""
vars = dict(*args, **kwargs)
try:
return concat(self.root_render_func(self.new_context(vars)))
except:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
return self.environment.handle_exception(exc_info, True)
def stream(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""Works exactly like :meth:`generate` but returns a
:class:`TemplateStream`.
"""
return TemplateStream(self.generate(*args, **kwargs))
def generate(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""For very large templates it can be useful to not render the whole
template at once but evaluate each statement after another and yield
piece for piece. This method basically does exactly that and returns
a generator that yields one item after another as unicode strings.
It accepts the same arguments as :meth:`render`.
"""
vars = dict(*args, **kwargs)
try:
for event in self.root_render_func(self.new_context(vars)):
yield event
except:
exc_info = sys.exc_info()
else:
return
yield self.environment.handle_exception(exc_info, True)
def new_context(self, vars=None, shared=False, locals=None):
"""Create a new :class:`Context` for this template. The vars
provided will be passed to the template. Per default the globals
are added to the context. If shared is set to `True` the data
is passed as it to the context without adding the globals.
`locals` can be a dict of local variables for internal usage.
"""
return new_context(self.environment, self.name, self.blocks,
vars, shared, self.globals, locals)
def make_module(self, vars=None, shared=False, locals=None):
"""This method works like the :attr:`module` attribute when called
without arguments but it will evaluate the template on every call
rather than caching it. It's also possible to provide
a dict which is then used as context. The arguments are the same
as for the :meth:`new_context` method.
"""
return TemplateModule(self, self.new_context(vars, shared, locals))
@property
def module(self):
"""The template as module. This is used for imports in the
template runtime but is also useful if one wants to access
exported template variables from the Python layer:
>>> t = Template('{% macro foo() %}42{% endmacro %}23')
>>> unicode(t.module)
u'23'
>>> t.module.foo()
u'42'
"""
if self._module is not None:
return self._module
self._module = rv = self.make_module()
return rv
def get_corresponding_lineno(self, lineno):
"""Return the source line number of a line number in the
generated bytecode as they are not in sync.
"""
for template_line, code_line in reversed(self.debug_info):
if code_line <= lineno:
return template_line
return 1
@property
def is_up_to_date(self):
"""If this variable is `False` there is a newer version available."""
if self._uptodate is None:
return True
return self._uptodate()
@property
def debug_info(self):
"""The debug info mapping."""
return [tuple(map(int, x.split('='))) for x in
self._debug_info.split('&')]
def __repr__(self):
if self.name is None:
name = 'memory:%x' % id(self)
else:
name = repr(self.name)
return '<%s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, name)
class TemplateModule(object):
"""Represents an imported template. All the exported names of the
template are available as attributes on this object. Additionally
converting it into an unicode- or bytestrings renders the contents.
"""
def __init__(self, template, context):
self._body_stream = list(template.root_render_func(context))
self.__dict__.update(context.get_exported())
self.__name__ = template.name
__unicode__ = lambda x: concat(x._body_stream)
__html__ = lambda x: Markup(concat(x._body_stream))
def __str__(self):
return unicode(self).encode('utf-8')
def __repr__(self):
if self.__name__ is None:
name = 'memory:%x' % id(self)
else:
name = repr(self.__name__)
return '<%s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, name)
class TemplateExpression(object):
"""The :meth:`jinja2.Environment.compile_expression` method returns an
instance of this object. It encapsulates the expression-like access
to the template with an expression it wraps.
"""
def __init__(self, template, undefined_to_none):
self._template = template
self._undefined_to_none = undefined_to_none
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
context = self._template.new_context(dict(*args, **kwargs))
consume(self._template.root_render_func(context))
rv = context.vars['result']
if self._undefined_to_none and isinstance(rv, Undefined):
rv = None
return rv
class TemplateStream(object):
"""A template stream works pretty much like an ordinary python generator
but it can buffer multiple items to reduce the number of total iterations.
Per default the output is unbuffered which means that for every unbuffered
instruction in the template one unicode string is yielded.
If buffering is enabled with a buffer size of 5, five items are combined
into a new unicode string. This is mainly useful if you are streaming
big templates to a client via WSGI which flushes after each iteration.
"""
def __init__(self, gen):
self._gen = gen
self.disable_buffering()
def dump(self, fp, encoding=None, errors='strict'):
"""Dump the complete stream into a file or file-like object.
Per default unicode strings are written, if you want to encode
before writing specifiy an `encoding`.
Example usage::
Template('Hello {{ name }}!').stream(name='foo').dump('hello.html')
"""
close = False
if isinstance(fp, basestring):
fp = file(fp, 'w')
close = True
try:
if encoding is not None:
iterable = (x.encode(encoding, errors) for x in self)
else:
iterable = self
if hasattr(fp, 'writelines'):
fp.writelines(iterable)
else:
for item in iterable:
fp.write(item)
finally:
if close:
fp.close()
def disable_buffering(self):
"""Disable the output buffering."""
self._next = self._gen.next
self.buffered = False
def enable_buffering(self, size=5):
"""Enable buffering. Buffer `size` items before yielding them."""
if size <= 1:
raise ValueError('buffer size too small')
def generator(next):
buf = []
c_size = 0
push = buf.append
while 1:
try:
while c_size < size:
c = next()
push(c)
if c:
c_size += 1
except StopIteration:
if not c_size:
return
yield concat(buf)
del buf[:]
c_size = 0
self.buffered = True
self._next = generator(self._gen.next).next
def __iter__(self):
return self
def next(self):
return self._next()
# hook in default template class. if anyone reads this comment: ignore that
# it's possible to use custom templates ;-)
Environment.template_class = Template